The Powers of the State vs the Powers of the Federal Government free essay sample

There is a progressing banter among centralists and decentralist about state, nearby and government law guideline. This paper will show what the contentions would be among centralists and decentralists on The Medicaid subsidizing of Planned Parenthood, Energy help for low-salary families and the condemning change for guilty parties indicted for rocks charges. It is imperative to remember the Tenth Amendment in accordance with the saved forces of the states. Forces of the States versus the Powers of the Federal Government There is a progressing banter among centralists and decentralist about state, neighborhood and government law guideline. As indicated by the content, centralists are individuals who favor national activity over activity at the state and nearby levels (Magleby amp; Light, 2009). As indicated by the content, decentralists are individuals who favor state or nearby activity instead of national activity (Magleby amp; Light, 2009). In April 2011 Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels (R) marked HEA 1210 enactment that kept Planned Parenthood from getting Medicaid reserves. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Powers of the State versus the Powers of the Federal Government or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Arranged Parenthood of Indiana gets $3 million every year in government reserves (Weiner, 2011). Arranged Parenthood is a center for ladies that have been referred to give premature birth benefits just as other family arranging administrations. Some accept that the Governor needed this enactment marked into law to keep ladies from utilizing Medicaid assets to get a fetus removal. Arranged Parenthood has been an objective of hostile to premature birth associations that remain outside of the center with signs to deflect ladies from getting a fetus removal. Government law disallows states from choosing which association gets Medicaid subsidizing in any way, shape or form other than nature of care (Weiner, 2011). Confining Medicaid financing from Planned Parenthood could be negative to the wellbeing of thousands of ladies that get fundamental human services from the facility, on the grounds that not the entirety of the patients are there for a fetus removal. For this situation, centralists would advance the contention that State of Indiana ought not be permitted to direct whether Planned Parenthood gets Medicaid. Fetus removal is legitimate in Indiana and centralists would contend that the state doesn't reserve the privilege to tall a ladies how to manage her body. Limiting these assets would jeopardize that lives of clueless Planned Parenthood patients. Decentralists would contend that the state has each option to conclude who can and can't get Medicaid and for what reason. Forces of the States versus the Powers of the Federal Government Decentralists would contend that those forthcoming patients could go to another facility for their human services needs as Planned Parenthood isn't the main social insurance center that acknowledges and gets Medicaid subsidizing. In this specific case the President of Planned Parenthood prosecuted the case and the Federal Government decided that the state can't limit Medicaid subsidizing to the facility. A great many wrongdoers indicted for rocks charges will escape jail early gratitude to a condemning change that became effective. Congress passed the Fair Sentencing Act in August 2010, changing the 100-to-1 divergence between least sentences for split and powder cocaine to 18 to 1 (Cratty, 2011). Guilty parties will have around three years shaved from their condemning and will get qualified for early discharge. Centralists would advance the contention this new condemning change is reasonable in light of the fact that it generally influences destitute individuals that were indicted for rocks charges. They would likewise contend that rocks is less expensive than powder cocaine and lower pay individuals can't manage the cost of it. When lower salary wrongdoers are gotten with rocks they are indicted and given a more drawn out sentences than different guilty parties got and sentenced for having powder cocaine. Pundits of the old condemning framework state it was unjustifiable to African-Americans, who make up most of those sentenced for having and conveying break (Cratty, 2011). Centralists would contend that the condemning change is an invited change for these guilty parties. Centralist would contend that the penitentiaries are stuffed and should be exhausted a piece. Decentralists would advance a contention this condemning change ought to be dismissed in light of the fact that these wrongdoers are as yet liable of these rocks and ought not be remunerated with an early discharge date. They would likewise contend that these guilty parties that are being let out early in view of Powers of the States versus the Powers of the Federal Government this changed law will simply get captured on another medication charge and afterward hope to get out early once more. They can likewise contend that this updates on the changed condemning will provoke groups of indicted wrongdoers assault authorities in inquisitive about their relative getting out early just in light of the fact that they have a medication charge. General society may disapprove of these prisoners celebrating getting out early when they are liable of the ownership of medications. Decentralists would contend this is a kick to the face to the war on drugs. The U. S. Division of Health and Human Services has assigned $1. 7 billion for the program so far this year, down from $4. 5 billion a year ago and $5 billion the prior year (Reuters, 2011). Low salary families rely on vitality help to warm their homes through the virus winter months. Centralists would advance a contention that the arrangement to distribute less cash towards vitality help is a decent one. They would state that individuals need to discover another approach to warm their homes and not depend on the legislature to do as such. They would state that the administration can't bear the cost of this cost and that individuals should get productive work to raise their families. Decentralists would advance a contention that this vitality help store ought not be lessen and ought to be expanded. They would contend that in this questionable economy that more families are battling than any time in recent memory and need a little assistance to get by. They would contend that with the activity advertise in its present express that more individuals have been jobless and can't get a new line of work to help their families. They would likewise contend that only one out of every odd family that is profiting by the vitality help is jobless. A ton of families are battling with costs from everything from oil to staple goods going up and their pay is going down. Decentralists would contend that in the hours of this financial downturn that presently isn't an ideal opportunity to desert its residents when they need the government’s help so severely. They would Powers of the States versus the Powers of the Federal Government likewise remind the open that these residents that they are relinquishing are the residents answerable for choosing them for office.

Barbara Stoller Millers Bhagavad Gita

The critique by Bhagavad-gita is an advanced interpretation of Bhagavad-gita by Barbara Stoller Miller, which quickly presents Krishna's Legal Counsel in War. This is a genuinely straightforward yet nitty gritty clarification of the Hindu confidence and the contentions humanity experiences when choosing the best approach to follow. Interpretation is a sort of verse that you can partition into 18 precepts and sections on the off chance that you want. Each instructing centers around the profound control uncovered through Hindi god Krishna, and in the most significant phase of his life Arjuna looks for information. Gita has numerous English interpretations. Maybe the most discernible are Swami Prabhavananda and Isherwood (http://www.krsna.com/gita/), yet Swami Nikhilananda, S. Interpretation of Rada Krishnan and Barbara. Stoller Miller is scholarly and abstract. The writing of Aurobindo about Sanskrit is exceptionally inconvenient, however it is as yet strong. (Bhagavad gita and its data, Aurobindo) Bhagavad Gita, space science isn't limited by any strict rank or confidence. There is no limit. It just perceives genuine quintessence, that is, all individuals 's Atmans (soul). More or less, Bhagavad Gita is the main scaffold of unceasing presence among man and God ... an individual who shows you the method of salvation. There is no other record showing steps in such exact and clear terms in the earth. The analysis by Bhagavad-gita is a cutting edge interpretation of Bhagavad-gita by Barbara Stoller Miller, which quickly presents Krishna's Legal Counsel in War. This is a genuinely basic however definite clarification of the Hindu confidence and the contentions humanity experiences when choosing the best approach to follow. Interpretation is a sort of verse that you can isolate into 18 regulations and sections on the off chance that you want. - Confession v. Gita When old individuals attempted to get religion, they were bound to be related with higher forces, otherwise called God. Many various religions have been set up after some time far and wide, and tales about conversing with God are frequently found in crafted by gatherings of these various individuals. This will enable others to comprehend and follow similar convictions

London Olympics 2012

Presentation The accompanying exposition is on occasion the board and it explicitly searches for manners by which the occasion coordinators of the London Olympics 2012 can make the occasion one of the most important encounters to the going to visitors.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on London Olympics 2012 explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Description The city of London has the benefit of facilitating the occasion this year and it is the expectation of everybody that the occasion coordinators will give the best understanding to whole watchers. The administration of the occasion requires smarts in venture the board and coordination of exercises (Hermes, Loos and Thomas, 2008). The occasion presents a tremendous promoting advantage for the nation just as financial advantages. Promoting opportunity will originate from the display of the country’s items (Jones, 2001). The occasion will draw in excess of 9,000,000 guests to London and 10, 5000 m embers. This article will concentrate on the best way to make the occasion effective. Occasions are events that are arranged or spontaneous. This article will anyway talk about explicitly Olympics 2012 that is a super occasion. A uber occasion is an occasion that has an overall unmistakable quality and cooperation (Getz, 2000). Hypothetical points of view of occasion the board Event the board is worried about the association of assets, for example, time and HR just as money to guarantee that the exercises occur in an opportune way and that they bring about the planned result (Getz, 2007). At the point when occasion the board is seen from that viewpoint, occasion the executives would then be able to be depicted as association of exercises procedurally and expertly to guarantee that the event has accomplished the ideal result (Goldblatt, 2005). When taking a gander at it from this viewpoint it is anything but difficult to concentrate on the advancement of the exercises that make an ar ranged occasion effective just as adjust the exercises extensively. From an undertaking, the executives viewpoint the occasion the board has five significant stages talked about underneath (Allen et al., 2008). The principal stage is the examination that includes directing a fundamental research with a point of getting data on the occasion booked to occur. It includes completing a possibility concentrate on the host city of the occasion (Lindlof and Taylor, 2002).Advertising Looking for article on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other looks into from the Sydney Olympics express visitors’ disappointment over multiplication of sellers and advertising all through the occasion that made the experience sickening. The guests were keen on allure and rush as a major aspect of their experience (Malhotra, 2002). The guests were of various socioeconomics as far as age, race, and nation of root. The poss ibility study helps in distinguishing materials and administrations required for the accomplishment of the occasion (Getz, 1998). Subsequent to directing the attainability study, the following stage includes structure. This worries giving the guests a significant encounter utilizing the six D’s of experience. These are: Details of the curios, which are significant in London experience particularly in relics, for example, logos, subtleties of the stage execution and the brandishing exercises. Delineation of the normal experience is additionally a significant piece of setting up the London Olympic guests with a thought of how the genuine experience will be. The other experience is the specific advantages that the guests will get. For London Olympics it is the marvelousness, the craftsmanship, innovation and foundation that will make it energizing. Settling on the picture or position of the occasion is significant. The London Olympic picture is yet to come out completely, howeve r the Olympic itself is sufficient brands to showcase the brandishing experience. Exhibit of the experience has been finished by publicizing the occasion through sites and advertisements that show how it will resemble. Conveyance of the experience is the exercises done during the games, for example, giving guests energizing involvement with the settings and outside the scenes. Enjoyment is the visitors’ valuation for the experience. The London Olympic coordinators can acquire this by giving ancient rarities of the award holders and champs just as other memorabilia things identified with the occasion (Gilmore and Pine, 1999). The plan centers around the imaginative part of the occasion and concerns the appearance and enrichments that will make the spot alluring and essential. This perspective gives the occasion uniqueness from different occasions (Gilmore and Pine, 1998). The structure procedure requires the occasion coordinators to cooperate and conceptualize thoughts on the sort of workmanship and plans to use in the occasion (Funke, Meusburger and Wunder, 2009). The plan brings the creative part of occasion and contributes tremendously to the heritage of the experience. It might include parts of lighting, calligraphy, painting, and the general course of action of the setting particularly during the London Olympic 2012 opening and shutting services which are useful in publicizing London Olympic and engaging guests (Goldblatt, 1997).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on London Olympics 2012 explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The third significant part of occasion the board for joining while overseeing occasion is arranging. This stage is basic for the London Olympic 2012 so as to give the guests and onlookers a superior encounter. Unique arranging is required like evaluating the danger of the occasion particularly because of fear mongering exercises. This requires specials advertising and security measures to draw in g uests. The part of time is basic in guaranteeing that proper arrangements that are conceivable before the occasion happens are done (Compton et al., 2007). Time arranging guarantees that the arrangements are auspicious. The other part of arranging manages space, which investigates scenes. For London Olympics 2012, the settings are the Olympic arena, the Aquatic place, Velodrome and Handball Arena. Arranging includes taking a gander at the quantity of individuals every scene can oblige. It additionally investigates the parts of movement particularly on the grounds that traffic in London can be an issue during the occasion. The other significant viewpoints are the enrichments, and the presence of execution stage to guarantee that it is noticeable to all participants of the opening and shutting services. Other than arranging existence, planning likewise includes planning for the occasion (Higham Hinch, 2001). The fourth part of occasion the executives is that of coordination of exercis es. It is hard for the undertaking chief to sort out the occasion alone (Foley, Perry and Rumpf, 1996). It includes appointment of duties to trusted and skilled people who can convey brings about the zone of their ability (Schofield and Thompson, 2002). Coordination includes imparting the plans and choices made with lucidity to all partners so as to have a legitimate execution of the considerable number of exercises. Coordination angle includes staffing, as staffs execute the arrangement of the occasion (O’Toole, 2000). The last part of occasion the executives is that of assessment. The coordinators can gain proficiency with the need to adjust among promoting and experience to abstain from making interruption and disappointment to the guests like on account of Sydney Olympics (Smith, 2008). The other one is of giving acceptable guest experience as on account of Beijing 2008, which was a fruitful occasion (Kolaja, 2011).Advertising Searching for article on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More To prevail with regards to leading assessment it is important to direct a pre occasion overview on the desire for the participants and post occasion study on the fulfillment of the participants (Gold, 1958). This assists with assessing regions that need improvement in future (Malhotra, 2002). The most effective method to make London Olympics critical To make the London Olympics 2012 a triumph it is important to investigate elements of occasion the board that finish into its prosperity. These components contribute enormously to the achievement or disappointment of an occasion. Timing The principal factor is the planning of the occasion. This respects whether individuals will be accessible or not. On account of London Olympics, the occasion will happen from July 27th to twelfth August 2012 and Paralympics from 29th August to ninth September 2012 (Parry and Shone, 2011). Account arranging Currently the coordinators of the London Olympics 2012 are taking a shot at an expected spending pl an of  £9 billion. The majority of this cost will provide food for security. The focal government will meet piece of the financial plan. Ticket deals, broadcasting rights, and sponsorships will assume a critical job in financing the spending plan. The guests will absolutely get an incentive for their cash through the security, and infrastructural advancements set up to make their experience energizing and essential. In the wake of making the financial plan, the subsequent stage is to search for the backers of the occasion. The sponsorships are vital in giving the vital assets to make the occasion effective (Haug and Teune, 2008). The exposure and publicizing costs are a portion of the expenses acquired as a feature of occasion association (Arcodia and Reid, 2002). HR The other factor other than the accounts that is basic in the planning of the Olympics 2012 is the part of HR the board. The staffs incorporates individuals whose work is to give security in the field, the setting pla nners, originators, the telecasters, the food providers of the visitors and visit advisers for help the participants on movement issues (Baum and Lockstone, 2007). Legitimate arrangement of the HR will be basic in making the London Olympic 2012 effective. Right now the London Olympic supervisory group is depending on the seventy thousand volunteers to help them in the arrangements and during the game time frame. The game producers make

Achilles: The Tragic Hero Essay -- The Iliad Essays

While inquiring about saints of great writing it is difficult to overlook Achilles from The Iliad by Homer. Beginning from the time that his mom Thetis plunged him in the River Styx, making his body for all intents and purposes strong, clearly the Greeks had a legend really taking shape (Achilles, 173). His physical quality and diligence to stifle the Trojan culture is immaculate by some other figure in folklore (Achilles, 173). In The Iliad Achilles isn't just a saint, however a sad legend who encounters a destruction and understands that it is an immediate consequence of his activities. Alongside this fundamental meaning of being a grievous saint, there are additionally three prominent qualities. Lamentable legends show â€Å"fatal ignorance†, are â€Å"prompted by will or circumstance†, and are engaged with a â€Å"binding obligation† (Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature, 1126). These three viewpoints can be integrated into the possibility that unfort unate saints make at least one mistakes, coming about because of obliviousness or an individual obstruction and are committed to experience their error(s) as a defeat. Achilles in The Iliad by Homer is a heartbreaking saint since he shows â€Å"fatal ignorance†, is â€Å"prompted by will or circumstance†, and is engaged with a â€Å"binding obligation† all through the whole sonnet. Achilles is a shocking legend since he shows obliviousness towards his environmental factors in The Iliad. Toward the start of the epic, â€Å"Achilles is given not one but rather two destinies: to kick the bucket radiantly at Troy or to live namelessly at home† (Harris, 262). With this choice Achilles chooses to join the Greek powers and do battle against Troy. This, obviously, ensures his pre-full grown passing and demonstrates how strange and shaky his brain was during this time, for h... ... settled on poor choices that prompted his ruin and could have handily kept himself from his initial passing in the Trojan War; this makes him a lamentable saint in The Iliad. Works Cited Achilles. Epics for Students. Ed. Marie Lazzari. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 173. Print. Hamilton, Edith. Folklore: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. Warner Books ed. New York: Warner, 1999. Print. Harris, Stephen L., and Gloria Platzer. Traditional Mythology: Images and Insights. second ed. N.p.: Mayfield Publishing Co., 1998. Print. Homer. The Iliad. Trans. W. H. D. Awaken. New York: New American Library, 2007. Print. Knox, Bernard. Achilles. Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 61. Detroit: Gale, 1990. 129-50. Writing Resource Center. Web. 11 Oct. 2015. Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Springfield: Merriam-Webster, 1995. Print.

Leadership - Goal-path Theory - Free Essay Example

Nowadays, one of the most respectful theories of leadership is the goal-path theory. Developed by Robert House, the goal-path theory is a model of contingency that extracts the key elements of the investigation performed by the Ohio University about the initial structure, consideration and motivational theory of the expectations (House, 1971). The theory , that has as predecessors the work s of Evans in 1970, House in 1971, House and Dessler in 1974 and House and Mitchell in 1974, and that emerged as an alternative to the behavioral model of leadership, It is based on how leaders motivate their followers to perform better and became more satisfied with their work (Evans, 1974). It tries to clarify how the conduct of the leader influences on the satisfaction and performance of the subordinates, similar to the expectation theory of Victor Vroom (Van Eerde, Thierry, 1996). Also explaining how the behavior of the leader affects the satisfaction and performance and stating th at the perceived value of a reward produce certain behaviors, well known also as the expectation and the preference for those results is called by Vroom as valence (Vroom, 1964). The essence of the path-goal theory is that the leaders role is not to assist followers in attaining their goals or to provide direction or support to ensure that their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or the organization (House, 1996). The path- goal term is derived from the belief that effective leaders clarify and clear the road to help their followers to move from where they are to a level in which they achieve their work goals and make the journey more enjoyable by reducing the obstacles and dangers. According to this theory, the behavior of a leader is acceptable to subordinates to the extent that it is seen by them as immediate satisfaction or as a means of future satisfactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s source. The behavior of a leader is motivational in the level that leader makes the subordinate to require satisfaction for an effective performance, the leader provide instruction, guidance, support and rewards that are required for effective performance (Ashour, Johns, 1983). To prove these statements, House identified four leadership behaviors. The managerial leader allows subordinates know what is expected of them, schedules the work to be performed and gives specific guidelines how to accomplish tasks. This is parallel to the dimension of Ohio State on initiating structure. A friendly leader shows support and concern for the needs of their subordinates; this essentially stands for the dimension of the consideration of the University of Ohio. The leader that participates consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions before make a decision. . The achievement-oriented leader sets challenging goals and expects subordinates to perform at their highest level. In contrast to the Fiedler standpoint of the behavior of the leader, House assumed that l eaders are flexible (Schuler, 1976).The theory of goal-path then means that the same leader can display any or all of these behaviors depending on the situation. The theory proposes two kinds of situational or contingency variables that affect and level the relationship between leadership behavior and outcome, those in the environment that are beyond the control of the subordinate, as in task structure, the formal system of authority and group work and those that are part of the subordinate personal characteristics as in locus of control, experience and perceived capacity (Schriesheim, Schriesheim, 1980). Environmental factors determine the type of leader behavior required as a complement if the results of the subordinate will be maximized, while the personal characteristics determine how the environment and the behavior of the leader will be interpreted. Thus, the theory proposes that the behavior of leader will not be effective if it becomes redundant with the sources of the envi ronment structure or inconsistent with the characteristics of the subordinates. Many concepts derived from the theory of path-goal, since the ones that states that directive leadership leads to greater satisfaction when the tasks are ambiguous or when tension are highly structured and well designed, the same it might be perceived as redundant to employees. high experience; to the ones that states that directive leadership leads to higher employee satisfaction only where there is a substantial conflict in the workgroup, also stating that the subordinates with internal locus of control, those who believe that control their own destiny, will be more satisfied with a participation style than the ones with external locus of control, that will be more satisfied with a managerial style. The research used to validate these concepts is generally encouraging. The evidence supports the logic underlying the theory. That is, the performance and the satisfaction of the employee are probably po sitively influenced when the leader compensates for missing skills from the employee or the work environment. However, the leader who dedicates time explaining the tasks when they are already clear or when the employee has the ability and experience to handle them without interference, may prove ineffective because the worker will see this type of management as redundant or even as an insulting behavior. The path-goal model differs from the situational model of Hersey and Blanchard in 1969, in which the leader must adapt to their level of development of the subordinates, or from contingency theory, that seeks to match the style of leader with specific situational variables. In the model path-goal the leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s style relates to the characteristics of the subordinate and the type of work environment. House and Mitchell argue that a leader can display any or all the styles according to the type of situation (House, 1996).Those more effective leaders, as we mentioned before, will be the ones that can adapt their style to the specific situations. A derivative research performed by Wofford and Liska in 1993, compiling more than 120 experiments, found that the results of the different studies varied notably if a different instrument of measurement is used , even when valuing the same dimensions (Wofford, Liska, 1994). They also found that the characteristics of the job influenced highly on the conduct and style of leadership and on the performance of the subalterns. When situational changes occur, leaders are expected to change their conduct with respect to the follower (Ivancevich, 1997). The leader must present ability to identify which behavior is the most effective based on the situation that comes their way, and may arise from the type of follower they face (Ivancevich, 1997). Therefore they identified that the key factors in this theory are the behavior and situational factors, and that the correspondence established between both factors will result in effective leadership emphasizing again, that the primary role of the leader is to motivate their followers clarify the ways that help them achieve their objectives or goals (Hogg, 2012). In terms of supporting conduct, it will have more positive effects when the employee is in need of emotional or philological support when facing a task. The research is based by dividing groups of subalterns in conditions of poor clarity, interesting, but without structure; and conditions of high prediction or routines. For the first case, the researchers will find positive effects in motivation and performance only if the leader shows a directive conduct and the contrary effect will be the result of the leader showing a supporting conduct or consideration. In terms of the empirical support of the theory, it is proved that the supporting conduct is generally linked to positive attitudes of the subordinates under difficult tasks, for the directive conduct the results are always less consistent. Kerr and Jermier extended the line of research, to the extent of the substitute for the leadership, where they focused their investigation on the conditions under the leadership is unnecessary due to the capacity of the subaltern, the clarity of the organizational system and procedures (Kerr, Jermier, 1978). However some researchers have revived the hypothesis derived from path-goal theory and has found minimal empirical support (Podsakoff, Organ, 1986). In conclusion, a manager centered and focused on his subordinates will not only offer great salaries and promotions but he will also offer support, encouragement, security and respect. This type of manager will be also sensible to the differences in between his teams and he will adapt the rewards to each subordinate. The subalterns of a manager oriented with the path-goal theory will know exactly what level of productivity or performance they need to reach to obtain bonus, raises, or promotions (Vecchio, , Justin, Pearce, 2008). For the path-goal model is important to define the objectives first, in order to establish a future flow of great performance for the long and short term. It is important to mention that this definition will depend of the internal faith of the leader, based on his capacities and competences (Stinson, Johnson, 1975). Coincidentally with the other situational theories, the leader must be aware of the reasons why leadership continuously changes, for which he should be prepared to, develop a wide variety of responses to efficiently allow each situation that he will experience (Schriesheim, Chester, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 1977). The future prospects of the path-goal theory point in the direction of further research leading to strengthen refine and expand their premises incorporating some additional moderating variables and shed their behavioral bias. However it is possible that the assigned rewards not meet the expectations of subordinates and that the resources are not entirely adequate and sufficient for the goal, it can be affirmed given the increasingly strong tendency to achieve higher levels of productivity with resources scarce (Fulk, Wendler, 1982). Thus we have from how leaders motivate their followers, leadership can be positive if it is associated with rewards or negative if the motivation is based on punishment, not to mention the tendency or propensity to prioritize, this classification at all simplistic answers to behavioral character is assumed to understand motivation as a stimulus that determines behavior (Ivancevich, Matteson, Freedman, Phillips, 1990).There is a great necessity to have with a leadership theory that take in consideration context variables in order to know which actions the leader shall take and which ones he should not (Triandis, 1993). Although this model indicates logically a play form of leadership, it is not entirely effective for all organizations or for all types of people who are involved in carrying out the work. That is why efforts have been made to find valid classifications for leadership styles, understanding the style as a set of behaviors that leader exhibit and the particular way they are perceived by their subordinates, that is in fact the leadership in the practice. The theoretical effort to attribute classifications in path theory is a resource for the leader to choose or modify their particular style to influence in other way, leading to different behaviors, however, analysis has realized that leaders do not maintain permanent and one-line fashion style, in fact it changes according to the circumstances, raising a claim for more research (Greene, 1974). . House, R. J. (1971). A path goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative science quarterly, 321-339 Evans, M. G. (1974). Extensions of a path-goal theory of motivation. Stinson, J. E., Johnson, T. W. (1975). The path-goal theory of leadership: A partial test and suggested refinement. Academy o f Management Journal, 18(2), 242-252 Schriesheim, J. F., Schriesheim, C. A. (1980). A Test of the pathÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ goal theory of leadership and some suggested directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 33(2), 349-370. Ashour, A. S., Johns, G. (1983). Leader influence through operant principles: A theoretical and methodological framework.Human Relations,36(7), 603-626 Schuler, R. S. (1976). Participation with supervisor and subordinate authoritarianism: A path-goal theory reconciliation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 320-325. Wofford, J. C., Liska, L. Z. (1994). Path-goal theories of leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 19(4), 857-876. Podsakoff, P. M., Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of management, 12(4), 531-544 Kerr, S., Jermier, J. M. (1978). Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measurement. Organizational behavior and human performance, 22(3), 375-403. Hogg, M. A., van Knippenberg, D., Rast, D. E. (2012). Intergroup leadership in organizations: Leading across group and organizational boundaries. Academy of Management Review, 37(2), 232-255 Ivancevich, J. M., Matteson, M. T., Freedman, S. M., Phillips, J. S. (1990). Worksite stress management interventions. American Psychologist, 45(2), 252 House, R. J. (1996). Path-goal theory of leadership: Lessons, legacy, and a reformulated theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), 323-352. Schriesheim, Chester, and Mary Ann Von Glinow. (1977). The path-goal theory of leadership: A theoretical and empirical analysis. Academy of Management Journal 20.3, 398-405. Vecchio, R. P., Justin, J. E., Pearce, C. L. (2008). The utility of transactional and transformational leadership for predicting performance and satisfaction within a pathÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ goal theory framework. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81(1), 71-82. Van Eerde , W., Thierry, H. (1996). Vrooms expectancy models and work-related criteria: A meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 81(5), 575. Fulk, J., Wendler, E. R. (1982). Dimensionality of leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ subordinate interactions: A pathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ goal investigation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 30(2), 241-264. Greene, C. N. (1974). The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership: A Replication and an Analysis of Causality. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 1974, No. 1, pp. 47-47). Academy of Management. Vroom, V. (1964). Expectancy theory. Triandis, H. C. (1993). The contingency model in cross-cultural perspective

How to Write an Essay for IELTS

How to Write an Essay for IELTS? English is a power world known language, which leads businesses, countries, continents, rally people from whole the world. And due to that, more and more people in recent years want to pass international exams, such as TOEFL, CAE, IELTS (International English Language Testing System), FCE and a lot of others. On the one hand, there are people who need such certificate to confirm the level of English reading, listening and writing skills, on the other hand, this document gives a perfect chance for everyone to get an   immigration visa, in order to build a successful career in the one of the European countries or to find a good job or study abroad. This article presents such an international system as IELTS and shows the right methods of preparing for its Writing Part. Firstly, a few words should be told about this exam. IELTS was designed to test the level of the English knowledge by the three international organizations, the leaders in examination field. They are Cambridge English Language Assessment (CELA),   the British Council and IELTS Australia. Thus, it is an irreplaceable step in everyones’ dreams’ implementation if they plan to change a place of living, want to find a perspective workplace or decide to investigate universities in any of the English-speaking countries. IELTS test results may help everyone to reach even a particular dream, because this test results are now admitted by more than 10,000 organizations in 150 countries of the world, including immigration agencies, universities, colleges, famous employers, professional worldwide organizations, and other public institutions in a lot of countries, among which are: United Kingdom, Australia, Italy, Germany and others well-known ones. Taking the IELTS exam, everyone should be ready to be tested on the four main language skills: listening, reading, writing and speaking. IELTS Writing is a test system which check the written English skills, the total duration of which is 60 minutes. The IELTS Writing block consists of two tasks: the first task (150 words) it is a description of a graph or a graphic pattern (report) and the second task (250 words) is an essay one. Now, we are going to understand how to prepare properly to write the second part of the IELTS Writing block. As Writing is evaluated on four parameters, each of which carries 25% of the assessment, we will try to consider the percent correct preparation, taking into account these parameters. IELTS essay is a specific written work. Word â€Å"Specific† means a special approach to its writing. So, how about the IELTS Writing test? Do you know that in consequence with the official statistics of the IELTS.org IELTS Writing Exam is the hardest? When you understand clearly that you really need to pass this exam try to do the next options first of all: Arrange an every day meeting with your tutor to check the essay, which you prepared; Ask your friend/girlfriend to check the essay at home; Visit any essay writing courses, which help you to prepare your essay. If you still decide to prepare for essay writing with your own, first of all, we advise to stay focused, read the task and just then begin to write. Do that only when you exactly imagine what will be the outcome of your story. It may take you near ten minutes to think about the essay plan and emphasize all the information which you are going to use in the essay. In the written part of the IELTS exam, you will need to show your vocabulary’s rich. Therefore, check also your text on the presence of â€Å"words-parasites† or repeated words. COGNIZE YOURSELF AS A WRITER â€Å"Cognize yourself† is one of the most famous philosophical statements. What attitude does it have to the essay writing? Did Platon mean the IELTS test have been writing down his thoughts? Of course not, but The idea is that you should check your mistakes when you write an essay. The point is not to find out all fatal mistakes, but little ones in order to save time on the exam. Instead, it will be more useful for you to check for common essay mistakes. As a rule, each student creates a list of his/hers typical, popular errors during the IELTS Writing preparation. WRITE A LOT TO GET BETTER The only way to complete successfully essay writing part is to write a lot and often. The regular practice will improve your skills and expand knowledge, so do not neglect it. The best option is to use special aids, which contains examples of essays and assignments to them.   The more you practice, the more likely you will have time to keep within the allotted few minutes to check your work during the main IELTS exam. The practice will allow you to fix in mind the structure of different types of essays, the approximate time which required for various types of writing tasks and the basic thoughts on a given topic, and spend the precious minutes on the test. First, we have to note that you can find a great variety of topics for essays writing on the Internet and after a couple months of practice in such writing you realize that in fact the common themes are very limited. There is a set of common themes, such as society communication, environmental pollution, harmful lifestyle, modern technologies, the relationship of children and parents, relations between teenagers etc. And of these topics have already formulated the final theme, paraphrased, are specified. And of these topics have already formulated the final theme. Thus, if you are able to determine for itself several abstracts in each of these subjects, then you will pass the exam with ease because you will you already prepared theses for the particular subject and not waste time on think about the structure or idea. Remember that the exam time is enough only for the transfer of ready-made ideas on paper, you have no extra minutes to think about the issue. Therefore, think about all the themes at home, and practice to write an exam in the quiet environment. Quite a large list of topics you can find here. Read more Essay Writing articles: THE SEVEN RULES OF USING MLA ESSAY FORMAT HOW TO GENERATE AN ESSAY CITATION LIST IN FOUR EASY STEPS HOW TO FORMAT ESSAY. EXAMPLE MLA, APA ESSAY FORMAT UNDERSTAND YOUR MISTAKES It will be not enough just to watch and write texts because you also need to work on a lot of mistakes. You have to study grammar and spelling   in-depth, drawing attention to the verbs, the construction and alignment proposals, punctuation and spelling difficult words. The essay must be checked by the experienced teacher because it is not easy to prepare for IELTS essay without attending special courses. And, of course, you must not forget to expand constantly your vocabulary the lack of the right words often prevents to express our thoughts   in right way and affects badly on essay’s quality. FIND THE TUTOR Find the teacher who will check your essay. It is desirable to find a native-speaker teacher specializing in IELTS. He will give you good advice, assess your essay under the same criteria as the examiner will. However, if you are sure that you can understand the structure and all the specifics yourself, it is possible just to limit by any native-speaker who will simply test your grammatical errors, syntax, punctuation and natural sounding. REMEMBER ABOUT OFFICIAL ESSAY STRUCTURE The types of essays are divided into 3 types: Argument essay (agree or disagree); Discussion essay (discuss both views and give your opinion); Advantages / disadvantages of the statement, problems / solutions. Total official structure of the essay is: The introduction 2-3 sentences. Paraphrasing topic (general statement); The first paragraph here you should conclude the topic without giving your opinion; The second paragraph reasons why, arguments, examples; Third paragraph reasons why/arguments/examples Summary 1-2 sentences. Final short paragraph. Paraphrase the main topic and express your views about the whole essay. You can not write any new ideas, just paraphrasing what has been written above. Very briefly.

Heuristics The Psychology of Mental Shortcuts

Heuristics (also called â€Å"mental shortcuts† or â€Å"rules of thumb) are efficient mental processes that help humans solve problems and learn new concepts. These processes make problems less complex by ignoring some of the information that’s coming into the brain, either consciously or unconsciously. Today, heuristics  have become an influential concept in the areas  of judgment and decision-making. Key Takeaways: Heuristics Heuristics are efficient mental processes (or mental shortcuts)  that help humans solve problems or learn a new concept.In the 1970s, researchers Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman identified three key heuristics: representativeness, anchoring and adjustment, and availability.The work of Tversky and Kahneman led to the development of the heuristics and biases research program. History and Origins Gestalt psychologists postulated that humans solve problems and perceive objects based on heuristics. In the early 20th century, the psychologist Max Wertheimer identified laws by which humans group objects together into patterns (e.g. a cluster of dots in the shape of a rectangle). The heuristics most commonly studied today are those that deal with decision-making. In the 1950s, economist and political scientist Herbert Simon published his A  Behavioral Model of Rational Choice, which focused on the concept of  on bounded rationality:  the idea that people must make decisions with limited time, mental resources, and information. In 1974, psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman pinpointed specific mental processes used to simplify decision-making. They showed that humans rely on a limited set of heuristics when making decisions with information about which they are uncertain—for example, when deciding whether to exchange money for a trip overseas now or a week from today. Tversky and Kahneman also showed that, although heuristics are useful, they can lead to errors in thinking that are both predictable and unpredictable. In the 1990s, research on heuristics, as exemplified by the work of Gerd Gigerenzer’s research group, focused on how factors in the environment impact thinking–particularly, that the strategies the mind uses are influenced by the environment–rather than the idea that the mind uses mental shortcuts to save time and effort. Significant Psychological Heuristics Tversky and Kahneman’s 1974 work, Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, introduced three key characteristics: representativeness, anchoring and adjustment, and availability.   The  representativeness  heuristic allows people to judge the likelihood that an object belongs in a general category  or class based on how similar the object is to members of that category. To explain the representativeness heuristic, Tversky and Kahneman provided the example of an individual named Steve, who is â€Å"very shy and withdrawn, invariably helpful, but with little interest in people or reality. A meek and tidy soul, he has a need for order and structure, and a passion for detail.† What is the probability that Steve works in a specific occupation (e.g. librarian or doctor)? The researchers concluded that, when asked to judge this probability, individuals would make their judgment based on how similar Steve seemed to the stereotype of the given occupation. The anchoring and adjustment heuristic allows people to estimate a number by starting at an initial value (the â€Å"anchor†) and adjusting that value up or down. However, different initial values lead to different estimates, which are in turn influenced by the initial value. To demonstrate the anchoring and adjustment heuristic, Tversky and Kahneman asked participants to estimate the percentage of African countries in the UN. They found that, if participants were given an initial estimate as part of the question (for example, is the real percentage higher or lower than 65%?), their answers were rather close to the initial value, thus seeming to be anchored to the first value they heard. The availability heuristic allows people to assess how often an event occurs or how likely it will occur, based on how easily that event can be brought to mind. For example, someone might estimate the percentage of middle-aged people at risk of a heart attack by thinking of the people they know who have had heart attacks. Tversky and Kahnemans findings led to the development of the heuristics and biases research program. Subsequent works by researchers  have introduced a number of other heuristics. The Usefulness of Heuristics There are several theories for the usefulness of heuristics. The  accuracy-effort trade-off  theory  states that humans and animals use heuristics because processing every piece of information that comes into the brain takes time and effort. With heuristics, the brain can make faster and more efficient decisions, albeit at the cost of accuracy.   Some suggest that this theory works because not every decision is worth spending the time necessary to reach the best possible conclusion, and thus people use mental shortcuts to save time and energy.  Another interpretation of this theory is that the brain simply does not have the capacity to process everything, and so we  must  use mental shortcuts. Another explanation for the usefulness of heuristics is the  ecological rationality theory. This theory states that some heuristics are best used in specific environments, such as uncertainty and redundancy. Thus, heuristics are particularly relevant and useful in specific situations, rather than at all times. Sources Gigerenzer, G., and Gaissmeier, W. â€Å"Heuristic decision making.† Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 62, 2011, pp. 451-482.Hertwig, R., and Pachur, T. â€Å"Heuristics, history of.† In International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences, 2 Editionnd, Elsevier, 2007.â€Å"Heuristics representativeness.† Cognitive Consonance.Simon. H. A. â€Å"A behavioral model of rational choice.† The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 69, no. 1, 1955, pp. 99-118.Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D. â€Å"Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases.† Science, vol. 185, no. 4157, pp. 1124-1131.

The Effects Of Violent Media On Aggressive Behavior

Abstract Present paper explores seven peer-reviewed and scholary articles to examine the positive corrlation between violent media and aggressive behaviors in individuals. This paper represents an effort to provide a source for individuals who are interested to gain information on the effect of violent media on aggressive behaviors. Most of the peer-reviewed and scholary articles used in this paper provided conclusions that violent media have multiply harmful affects on individuals especially children. Krahà © and Mà ¶ller (2011) discussed the relationship between usage of violent media and aggressive behaviors in adolescents. Furthermore, Wiedeman, Black, Dolle, Finney, Coker (2015) revealed various negative effect of violent media on individuals including higher level of aggressive and antisocial behaviors. Cheng et al., (2004) not only mentioned the effects of violent media on children it also emphasized on parents’ role to monitor their children s violent media watching in or der to minimize the negative outcomes. The Effect of Violent Media on Aggressive Behavior Essentially since media is more violent than ever, and children and youth are getting more attracted to violent media. Studies on violent media shows a clear evidence that violence on media rises the possibility of aggressive behaviors in both short-term and long-term situations (Rowell Huesmann, Moise, Podolski, Eron, 2003). Most researchers agree that aggressive behaviors are more disposed toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children And Youth990 Words   |  4 PagesEssentially since media is more violent than ever, and children and youth are getting more attracted to violent media. Studies on violent media shows a clear evidence that violence on media rises the possibility of aggressive behaviors in both short-term and long-term situations (Rowell Huesmann, Moise, Podolski, Eron, 2003). Most researchers agree that aggressive behaviors are more disposed to the harmful impact of violence on media. The negative effect is much larger for younger children becauseRead MoreViolent Media And Its Impact On Aggression1544 Words   |  7 PagesViolent Media and Its Impact On Aggression In Adolescence In recent trends, adolescents in the United States are now experiencing an explosive rise in the usage of technology. There have been many technological advances since the 20th century such as the invention of the Internet, cellular devices, and other screens. However, the new generation of adolescents in America; the â€Å"millennials,† are the ones living through and experiencing this new economy and lifestyle. Millennials and many other youngRead MoreGeneral Aggression Model Of Human Aggression1280 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing aggressive behavior, aggressive effect (i.e., physiological stimulation), aggressive cognition, (i.e., thoughts), reduced pro-social behavior, and reduced empathy (i.e., emotional facets) (Anderson and Bushman, 2001; Barlett and Anderson 2013). As a process model, GAM can be divided into two explanatory mechanisms; a) proximate and distal GAM (Anderson Carnagey, 2004) or b) proximate GAM as single-episode GAM and multiple-episode GAM (see. Anders on Bushman, 2001) as (long-term) effects ofRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Youth Of America1454 Words   |  6 PagesMedia in the United States has a prominent role on the youth of America. A majority of children and young adults have access to internet, television, radio, newspapers, and video games practically any time they want. The violence in media, along with the availability of media are increasing, however the most predominant form of media for children is video games. Because of this, many are concerned with the effects on the youth. The violence in video games is a cause for aggressive emotions, thoughtsRead MoreMedia Violence And Crime Violence1168 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Violence and Crimes There are few debates that have been contentious for so long as the debate of whether violent medias contribute meaningfully to crimes. Because of the majority of shooting events committed by younger shooters, many politicians regard cultural effects as a potential contributing factor, while others dismiss media as a contributing factor. Within the social science community, a similar division exists (Ferguson, 2015). For example, some professional supporting groups, likeRead MoreMedia Violence and Aggressive Behavior1277 Words   |  6 Pages Media Violence and Aggressive Behavior Monica Suzanne B. Castro #21856730 Submitted for SSC130BB: Essentials of Psychology January 25, 2014 Research project #05020500 Media Violence and Aggressive Behavior Introduction In the early 1960s Albert Bandura conducted his famous â€Å"Bobo Doll† experiments, in which children were shown videos of someone attacking a plastic clown known as a Bobo doll (Isom, 1998). Many of the children exposed to theseRead MoreViolent Behavior : The Contributors1706 Words   |  7 PagesTriggering Violent Behavior: the Contributors Violence can be everywhere but what may actually trigger violent behaviors is difficult to figure out. Many believe violent behavior is triggered by a certain outcome. Although this may be true, violent behavior can be triggered by a combination of factors. Media, Chemicals, and even society are all known as factors that can influence one to become violent. Forms of violent behavior include aggression, aggravation, and/or frustration. Aggression isRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreViolent Video Games And Its Influence On Behavior1187 Words   |  5 Pages The Timing of Violent Video Games and Its Influence on Aggressive Behaviors What images pop up in your head when you hear the word aggression? Have you ever thought whether violence portrayed in different forms of media make people more aggressive? The immediate reaction to such a word is fighting or violence. Many issues are determinants of aggression but media violence has played a huge role in influencing aggressive behavior. Over the past years, aggression has been tied to numerousRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System: Media Violence and Social Justice724 Words   |  3 Pagesadults who are exposed to the media are aggressive and violent. According to such articles, violent content provokes aggressive behavior and violence. Ferguson illustrates that watching satanic content, like in Harry Potter, or teaching of witchcraft can lead to Satanism or mental illness. According to Ferguson (2008), books, rock, jazz, television and watching movies in the media, leads to a wave of moral degradation, rebelliousness and violence. They also clam that ne w media like internet and video games

How Interests And Interactions Shape Science And Technology

HOW INTERESTS AND INTERACTIONS SHAPE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Ian Hacking uses the example of dolomite in order to show that human interests do not play a role in science. His belief is that there is nothing less socially constructed than a rock, but this statement does not accurately portray the facts. Dolomite has a long history that involves a number of people and social interests. Each person contributed to the discovery and identification of dolomite and social factors were at play during the scientific process. Hackling starts with the history of dolomite. In 1791, a French geologist, Deodat de Dolomieu, came across a type of limestone in the Tyrolean Alps. Then in 1792, Nicolas-Theodor von Saussure named the region and the layer of sedimentary rock after Dolomieu. Saussure then analyzed dolomite; he claimed that it was high in aluminum and held no magnesium. However, this analysis was incorrect and it would take a decade to get the correct analysis. Dolomite is an interesting example because it shows that scientific facts have a social f actor that is often ignored. Geologists stuck with Saussure’s analysis even though twelve years earlier a scientist by the name of Giovanni Arduino identified dolomite as magnesia limestone (Hacking, 187). Arduino correctly identified dolomite’s composition but very few people paid attention to his analysis. Dolomite was named after Dolomieu because he had come across dolomite. The compound was not named after Arduino nor was hisShow MoreRelatedShould Technology Be Taught 21st Century?1568 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of allowing technology in the child care classrooms, most of us will willingly agree that digital technologies provide one more outlet for young children to demonstrate their creativity and learning. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of including iPads into the curriculum in a preschool classroom. While some are convinced that introducing iPads into the curriculum means children will stop playing, pretendin g, and learning to socialize, othersRead MoreIntellectual Property Rights1347 Words   |  6 Pagesself-reproducing nature of transgenic substances, particularly seeds, makes it rather difficult for traditional intellectual property rights to efficiently protect the proprietary interests of inventors and investors within the agricultural biotechnology space. Thus, the need for suitable protection and appropriation systems for new technologies, remains a principal challenge to sustaining rapid advances in biotechnology (Oguamanam, 2005). As a result of the decision by most countries to privatize their seed industryRead MoreApps For The Education System1578 Words   |  7 PagesWith the progress and evolution of mankind, science being the adjacent part of mankind has also highly revolutionized and progressed. 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Pursuing a PhD in Information Technology Management at (an Ivy League) University is a logical step in that direction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A passion for knowledge was instilled in meRead MoreImogene Kings Theory of Goal Attainment Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesImogene King’s System Interaction Model Theory of Goal Attainment Introduction Imogene King is a nationally recognized theorist, leader and educator. She developed the Theory of Goal Attainment while trying to outline content for a new graduate program (Leddy Pepper, 2006). It has become the basis for establishing health care goals for patients and directing patient care. The main purpose of the theory is to help patients attain, maintain or restore health. The purpose of this paper isRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Developing Child925 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Shoemaker The Impact of Technology on the Developing Child Technology has become the foundation of many aspects of life today. 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An Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s A Heavy Conscience Essay

A Heavy Conscience Trifles by Susan Glaspell is a short play built around the murder of John Wright. One might say that this play is dull and boring. However, that is far from the case. There are numerous entwined themes and ideas throughout the play. With closer examination of Glaspell’s work it is clear that there is a far greater plot in action. Mrs. Minnie Wright has been arrested for the murder of her husband while the investigation is active. Interestingly enough the murder is not the focused of this play. The focus is how two wives Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters identify with the accused. Throughout the play the wives uncover several seemingly insignificant clues which provide insight on the daily life Mrs. Wright before the death of her husband. Although both women ultimately end up identifying themselves with Mrs. Wright, Mrs. Hale appears to only aid Mrs. Wright due to the overwhelming guilt and shame she feels after learning of the circumstances Mrs. Wright life. Mrs. Hale feels guilty for not noticing how confined and isolated Mrs. Wright truly was. Mrs. Hale knew Mrs. Wright before she was married back when she was Minnie Foster, so she feels as though she should have offered Minnie more support. Periodically throughout the play Mrs. Hale reminisces over the former Minnie Foster. She recalls enjoyable and happy memories of Minnie when she was full of life. She goes on and states, â€Å"She used to wear pretty clothes and be lively, when she was Minnie Foster, one ofShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s A Heavy Conscience 936 Words   |  4 Pages A Heavy Conscience Trifles by Susan Glaspell is a short play built around the murder of John Wright. One might say that this play is dull and boring. However, that is far from the case. There are numerous entwined themes and ideas throughout the play. With closer examination of Glaspell’s work it is clear that there is a far greater plot in action. Mrs. Minnie Wright has been arrested for the murder of her husband while the investigation is active. Interestingly enough the murder is not the focused

Role Of Anticipated Guilt General Emotions †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Role Of Anticipated Guilt General Emotions? Answer: Introduction A research has been made on the ethical issue of downloading music and videos from the different sources of internet. The report is prepared after considering different viewpoints regarding the piracy of the music and the videos and the copyright issues regarding the files. The given investigation portrays how people have an alternate perspective towards downloading music or video from the web illicitly. It may not be moral, and downloaders may be sued for copyright encroachment, yet there are no laws that criminalize Australians downloading and watching content for their individual utilize. In addition, when theft is done, it implies that duplicates of a few records are made unlawfully without the consent of the copyright proprietor. The paper displayed examines downloading motion picture and television in light of the diverse speculations of morals when inferred to the investigation. Overview of ICT-Related Ethical Issue For this situation examine two standards are utilized to comprehend the moral issues on downloading motion pictures and TV. However, before it is clarified the speculations ought to be seen plainly. It is a moral issue for the downloader and lawful advances can be taken and copyright encroachment notice can be given to the downloader. In any case, there are no laws that criminalize Australians downloading and watching content for their own particular individual utilize (www.smh.com.au, 2016). There are different music fans who can illegally download the media content of the record industry across the world and illegally download music and cause piracy. The piracy is required to be stopped and a warning is required to be created for the spreading the awareness among the people that the illegal access can cause infringement and suspension of the account. Application of ethical theory to the analysis Consequentialism: This hypothesis decides the result of the move made by a person. The result of an activity is controlled by applying this hypothesis, when an individual take part in doing some work they should consider the result from that work as per their ecological encompassing. This implies an individual ought not to do an errand that negatively affects nature. As an individual he should believe that he is doing well or wrong occupation and its consequences (Carlson, 2013). In view of the point downloading film or television from web an individual ought to consider his moral esteems and judge himself that what might be the impact in the event that he downloads a substance that is copyright ensured (Vossen, 2014). The individual ought to not generally consider his benefit instead of put some focus on the impact that would be caused for their work done. The goal of the action are not considered before taking any action for accessing the web contents like the music and videos. Non-Consequentialism: In this hypothesis the individual occupied with doing some activity doesn't consider the result of the work they do. The result is judged in the wake of completing the assignment and on that premise the following move is made. Morals has as minimal influence in Non-Consequentialism the significant concentrate of the individual is on finishing his undertaking (Nye et al., 2015). A copyright theft can cause jail for the hackers and affect the morality of the hacker hacking the media and the videos. The moral goodness and the badness of the hacker is required to be considered for the analysis of the ethical theory for analyzing the rightness and wrongness of the action taken by the people for accessing the music and the videos available on the website. The goals and consequence of the action is required to be considered for implementation of the action. Illegal Downloading is Stealing The ubiquity of web has expanded the offers of motion pictures, music in CD and DVDs. The deals have expanded alongside the expansion of unlawful download of the media. Different diverse projects like piece deluge, utorrent and other direct downloading programs permits the downloading of this media. A few conceives that the downloading of tunes and motion pictures from the web is like the taking of music CDs from the shop. At the point when a paid media is downloaded unlawfully through a downpour or any direct download programming it implies that the media is dispersed free of cost through the download customer while alternate clients pays cash to purchase that same media. Downloading the media that is copyright secured is an unlawful movement (Wang and McClung, 2012). The craftsmen makes CDs for the joy of the general population and it costs them a great deal and consequently they anticipate that everybody will pay cash to purchase their CDs. In this regard downloading a media illic itly is likeness taking CD from the nearby store (Cockrill and Goode, 2012). There are numerous laws against the copyright and infringing upon this law can cause an enormous fine on the downloader. On the off chance that anybody is discovered downloading paid media with copyright security the copyright proprietor can document a body of evidence against him and it can cause fine or correctional facility. Downloading the media isn't right, and everybody ought to have an ethical esteem and comparative discipline is given for taking media from the store. No discipline or fine ought to be given for downloading music or motion pictures that are free in the web. YouTube is totally free for the client to watch music recordings and if online recordings can be seen on YouTube with the expectation of complimentary then anybody can have it on their PC too. Anybody can scan the web to tune in for a free tune however can't download it; it is outlandish that the download of the free substance causes lawful infringement. It is like record a TV appear from the link box. A few people may feel that they pay for the link association yet web is additionally not free, it is preferably more costly than a link association, individuals can put the recorded show in the web and it ought not to be unlawful for downloading it. A few people privateer it for cash and offering the video content for cash is unquestionably a theft and they ought to be fined for that (Aaltonen and Salmi, 2013). A few people have the perspective that, when they get the media with the expectation of complimentary then for what reason would they pay cash to get it, the ethical feeling of general society ought to grow up and there ought to be more mindfulness in regards to theft of the web content. Downloading a media that doesn't negatively affect the economy ought not to be considered as an illicit action. Recommendations There are numerous viable answers for explain downloading of motion pictures unlawfully, for example, This issue can be explained by executing a few directions on the source site from where the media is accessible. The proprietor of a few media can apply new enactment approaches for the medium through which the media is made accessible to the client. The cost for which the substance ought to be accessible to the client ought to be with the end goal that the client would pay cheerfully. More attention to debilitate the Australians for utilizing privateer locales and increment their moral esteem ought to be finished. The first substance ought to be made accessible to the web on their discharge this lessens the robbery to an extraordinary level. The school and open wifi supplier ought to be mindful to track the web utilization and for the encroachment take note. Conclusion: In this examination the topic legal restrictions on the downloading of music and videos from the internet should be abolished is considered in subtle elements and we presume that the media that is allowed to watch on the web ought to be allowed to download and the clients ought not get copyright encroachment see for that. The use of web to download paid substance from torrents or other engines can be considered as an illegal activity and is required to be considered as an unlawful action and fine can be forced for that. As this causes a gigantic misfortune in the economy, the craftsmen makes music CDs or DVDs that costs them and it ought not be made accessible to the general population at free of cost. References Carlson, E., 2013. Consequentialism reconsidered (Vol. 20). Springer Science Business Media. Cockrill, A. and Goode, M.M., 2012. DVD pirating intentions: Angels, devils, chancers and receivers. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 11(1), pp.1-10. Jacobs, R.S., Heuvelman, A., Tan, M. and Peters, O., 2012. Digital movie piracy: A perspective on downloading behavior through social cognitive theory. Computers in human behavior, 28(3), pp.958-967. Jambon, M.M. and Smetana, J.G., 2012. College students' moral evaluations of illegal music downloading. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 33(1), pp.31-39. Jnasson, J.O. and Gunnlaugsson, H., 2016, October. How widespread is cybercrime: Types and Volume of Public Vic-timization in Iceland. In NSfKs 58. Research Seminar (p. 446). Keipi, T., Nsi, M., Oksanen, A. and Rsnen, P., 2016. Online hate and harmful content: Cross-national perspectives (Vol. 200). Taylor Francis. Nandedkar, A. and Midha, V., 2012. It wont happen to me: An assessment of optimism bias in music piracy. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(1), pp.41-48. Nye, H., Plunkett, D. and Ku, J., 2015. Non-Consequentialism Demystified. Robertson, K., McNeill, L., Green, J. and Roberts, C., 2012. Illegal downloading, ethical concern, and illegal behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(2), pp.215-227. Saber, J.A., 2016. Determining Small Business Cybersecurity Strategies to Prevent Data Breaches (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University). Vossen, C., 2014. Cyber Attacks Under the United Nations Charter. Critical Reflections on Consequentialist Reasoning. Wang, X. and McClung, S.R., 2012. The immorality of illegal downloading: The role of anticipated guilt and general emotions. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(1), pp.153-159

Fundamentals of Technology Project Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Fundamentals of Technology Project Management. Answer: Introduction: The organization which has been chosen in the topic is the IT project management. This IT project management contains the development of software, n=installation of hardware, upgrading of networks, cloud computing, virtualization rollouts, anFundamentals of technology project managementalysis of business, management of data project and implementation of services of IT. IT projects focus mainly to project failure. If there is any kind of problems which may arise that can cause to a project failure then the factors behind it can have a negative impact on the IT project (Field and Keller, 1998). This impact includes the technology advent in the execution of project, changes of infrastructure and impact on security as well as data management, no confident relationships among the software, network and hardware configuration and information. IT projects also represents risk in the organization whenever a new technology is implemented for the first time. The technology which is not used in IT project may likely to cause complications and that may affect the success expected in the organization. The IT project management in this organization is made with all basic features that are required for the necessary set up of a project. Those include: The project is set up with customizable dashboard system in order to display the status and progress of all the corners of project in charts and tables. The project is planned and builds to check the implementation of new tasks as well as scheduling of any resources in the project planning and monitoring the progress at last. The status is regularly reported in the project in order to keep a check on the reporting framework and visualize the report. The status is always required to send to the team mates and to the stakeholders. It projects are mainly time tracked in order to allow the team members to work according to the time service available, and creating a timesheet for maintain the input of time spent. The data is updated regularly and automatically regarding the plans and reports. Resources are regularly planned in the IT project for facilitating the task for the team members who helps in creation of plans and then delegating the task to the respective team members with right resources available at the right time. The IT project is created with schedule and the tasks are performed in groups. The dependencies are identifies the time is assigned to the workers along with the resources. In this company, It projects are mainly focuses the methodology based on the best practices of the guidelines of Project management. The strategy is based on two beliefs. First the strategy is based on the evolving set of guidelines, examples and templates relate to the projects (Garton and McCulloch, 2012). Second the strategic tools are designed to help in managing the projects. Thus the primary purpose of these strategic tools is to assist the project manager and the project team with the project. The key success that can be ensured to a project is its successful planning. The project is mainly to ensure the saving of time money and many other problems which many people may not realize about the value of project. A project is mainly successful when the needs of the stakeholders are met accordingly. A stakeholder is always directly or indirectly related to the project. The company team and the stakeholders speak about the relevant needs of the company and the associated benefits of it (Hobbs, 2009). This discussion is recorded and set with t a priority. This list is then utilized to measure the set of goal for the organization. The list of things is then discussed in order to meet the needs of the projects and deliver those needs on time to achieve the required goals. The list of tasks is enlisted to carry out the delivery that is identified with the amount of effort required to carry out the task and the resource needed to complete the task. Then there is the final planning of the process. The responsibilities and the roles of the IT project are decided accordingly and the plans are then supported. Monitoring of the IT project is done in order to oversee the progress of the IT projects, outputs and outcomes. The IT projects are also observed in order to predict an issue of risk and to take necessary actions for the assessment of risk. The reports are maintained on the monitoring view in order to report the correct people at the correct time with the negative and positive impacts related with the IT project along with the remedial action that can be appropriate (Index of 2013 Project Management Journal Papers and Authors, 2014). On the other side the controlling of the project is related with the stages in the IT project in order to initiate the control of delivery of outcome that may expected from the IT project. The IT project controls can be two types that can be time form or event form. The controlling is measured during the specific event of IT project which may cause an issue in the assessment. And the time driven form is to initiate the IT project aspects with the time bo unding. There are many IT project tools that are required for ensuring the proper planning and control of an IT project in the team. Three among the important tools are specified below: Gaining a better understanding of the capability of the IT project resource- The resource capability of IT project is the key factors for the success of the business which will be then delivered with proper service (Levin, 2013). This resource capability panning is done among the It projects in order to analyze the requirements of the project and the services that are capable of performing with time in order to manage the expectations of the customer, improve the productivity of the business and reducing the cost of IT projects. Ensuring the right projects that is selected and priority given to it- Project prioritization is very beneficial to any organization in order to focus on the priority of the project that is working with or against with each other and that helps in optimizing the order of work. This essential process is help in growing the IT project business with the least resources are available and achieve maximum benefits and also recues the failures of project. Optimizing the usage of resources- The scheduling of the resources is very essential in order to establish the feasibility in the planning of IT project and setting it according to the expectations of the customers. The IT project commences after the schedule, the use of resources aligning the tasks is then done with the availability of the resource and re prioritization of work if required (Marchewka, 2012). Resource scheduling helps in increasing the revenue levels and also in providing the ability to assign to the best fit available resources based on the skills, experience and location to efficiently fulfil the resource request and to manage the resource conflicts in the IT projects. The phases that are defined in the management of an IT project: Project strategy definition- In this phases the overall approach of the requirement of the IT project is discussed along with the methodology to implement it. Preparation of the IT project- The key stakeholders and the IT team members discuss the key requirements of the project in order to start and establish of the project. Then recruiting the project members with their responsibilities. Designing of IT project- The strategy of the project is relevant with the stakeholders who help to design the main outcome from the project, and that also builds the ownership for the outcome of the project (Mehta, 2007). Development and testing of IT project- The IT project team starts developing with the components of the project and the building the output of the project. Training of the IT project- This stage is all about preparing the project by training the users, putting the place ongoing support, and transferring of data to the new systems. The support and benefits realization- The launching of the project is done with the support of the business and after the launching of the project is done with the requirement and the members are reassigned according to the project criteria. Control of IT project- The control of the It project is necessary for the effective utilization and managing the project to ensure maximum benefits of the project and risks are assessed in order to reduce project failures. Communication between team members- The communication is a necessity and its highly responsible to the team members for the discussing the phases of project along with the stakeholders to make a considerable attention to the projects (Patel, 2008). Integration of the IT project- In this phase the consideration of the project interface is done in order to see the functioning of the project that is holding any impact on the areas of the management of the project. The experience of a manager and the capability related to the manager is discussed in the next section: The capability of the manager mainly demands with the emotional intelligence of the individual of possessing the decision in order to organize the planning of the IT project in the team. This is a necessary ability to pick up on the events that are required for the interactions with the team and the related stakeholders verbally or non verbally with the related process of the inputs that to be given for the implementation of the project in the context of the IT project design as well as expecting the better output from the project. The communication must be adaptive to the environment of the IT organization that is holding the It project and in this phase the ability of the person is to articulate the ideas of other team members into the single project (Randolph, 2014). The ability of the organized person is to communicate with all the individuals who are related to the IT projects along with the groups or teams who are working with the team to achieve the most effective way of communication and the techniques are thus highly benefitted in the team. Management kills is the main requirement in order to appoint a manger in organization of IT project even though the manager has an experience in this field. The ability to serve the project demands as well as the requirements of the project benefit is initiated and evaluated by the project manager and then the project is implemented according the repost generated. This helps the appointed member to motivate the team as well recruit the roles of the team members in order to collaborate the actions and the performance among the members of the IT project team. The most important quality of the management head must be of the flexibility nature that will help the manager to change the approach of the project as well to influence the decisions of the project team members (Rodney Turner, 2004). This is the capability of the willingness for the management of the project for the course of actions that is required according to the business needs. The highly demandable quality of the team head is to focus on the expectations of the customer as they are main holder of the project benefits and the project output is finally utilized with them (Thomsett, 2002). The project team members work accordingly to the project discussion which is finally made by the leader. But the expectations of the customers are not directly dependant to the management head. So it needs to understand the customer needs in order to ensure the project meet the needs that are actually demanded. Activity Preceding Activity Duration (months) A - 1 B A 5 C A 2 D B 4 E C 2 F D 4 G D,E 3 H F 2 I G,H 4 References Baguley, P. (2008).Project management. [New York]: McGraw-Hill. Deeprose, D. (2002).Project management. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Eric Kirkland, C. (2014). Project Management: A Problem-Based Approach.Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e3-e3. Field, M. and Keller, L. (1998).Project management. London: International Thomson Business Press. Garton, C. and McCulloch, E. (2012).Fundamentals of technology project management. Boise: MC Press Online. Heerkens, G. (2002).Project management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hobbs, P. (2009).Project management. London: Dorling Kindersley. Hyvri, I. (2006). Project management effectiveness in project-oriented business organizations.International Journal of Project Management, 24(3), pp.216-225. Index of 2013 Project Management Journal Papers and Authors. (2014).Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.88-89. Kerzner, H. (2001).Project management. New York: John Wiley. Kidd, T. (2009).Handbook of research on technology project management, planning, and operations. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Levin, G. (2013). Project Management for Non-Project Managers.Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(5), pp.e2-e2. Marchewka, J. (2012).Information technology project management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Mastrofini, E. (2013). Project management template / Project management facile con le mappe mentali.PROJECT MANAGER (IL), (16), pp.47-47. Mehta, R. (2007).Project management. Jaipur: Aavishkar Publishers. Patel, V. (2008).Project management. Jaipur, India: Oxford Book Co. Ponnappa, G. (2014). Project Stakeholder Management.Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e3-e3. Randolph, S. (2014). Maximizing Project Value: A Project Manager's Guide.Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e2-e2. Rodney Turner, J. (2004). Viennese Project Management-Days Project and Emotions.International Journal of Project Management, 22(4), pp.271-272. Schwalbe, K. (2011).Information technology project management. Boston, MA: Course Technology. Thomsett, M. (2002).The little black book of project management. New York: AMACOM. Tinnirello, P. (2000).Project management. Boca Raton: Auerbach. Wateridge, J. (2001). Successful Project Management.International Journal of Project Management, 19(3), p.191. Wright, J. (2002). Effective Project Management.International Journal of Project Management, 20(8), p.633.

Lord Of The Flies Essays (2081 words) - Fiction,

Lord of The Flies Lord of The Flies At the start of the novel, there has been an atomic explosion, and the children have been evacuated in an aircraft with a detachable passenger tube. The aircraft has been attacked and released the tube while flying over tropical seas. The tube has crash landed in the jungle of a tropical island, and the plane has flown off in flames. This is the point when the novel starts. There are four main characters in the book ? Ralph, Piggy, Jack and Simon. Simon is part of the choir, which is led by Jack, but Ralph and Piggy are not members of the choir, and are in no way related. There are no adults ? "There aren't any grown ups" (P.43) Ralph has found a "conch" (P.21), and has used it to call all the boys on the island together. This is where Jack is introduced into "Lord of the Flies" "Something dark was fumbling along" (P.26). This refers to the choir walking along the beach in the distance. This use of language shows us that the choir is dark, evil, and sinister, and immediately Golding tells us that this group will not be a "good" force on the island. The choir are a militaristic group ? "marching approximately...with a hambone frill" (P.26). This shows us that their leader is in total control of the group. This leader is Jack ? "The boy who controlled them...his cap badge was golden" (P.26) This shows the authority and status that Jack has over the choir. When the choir reach the platform, Jack shows off ? "swaying in the fierce light...his cloak flying" (P.27). This is an attempt to impress the group, create a good impression, enough so he commands their respect as well as the choirs', enough so that he can eventually control them as well as the choir. Jack does not introduce himself to everyone; he first words to the group are "Where's the man with the trumpet?" (P.27). He just gives out demands, and expects the group to answer him. This is what he is used to. Jack is a direct contrast with Ralph ? "peered down at Ralph...(the conch) did not seem to satisfy him" (P.27) This shows us that he believes no-one is as good a leader as him, and that the conch, which called the group together, is below him. This is "simple arrogance" (P.29) on the part of Jack. He uses his cloak as a prop ? "Inside the floating cloak he was tall, thin, and bony" (P.27). He uses the cloak (a sign of power) to make him into something he's not, he uses it to gain authority. "His hair was red beneath the black cap" (P.27). The colour of his hair shows signs of a fiery temper, and the colour of his cap reinforces his sinister side. Jacks main aim of the assemblies in the novel are to first become chief, and then control the group. He says on page twenty-nine with "simple arrogance", "I ought to be chief." Jack believes that no-one else has the right to control him, and he should be in control of everyone. During the assemblies, he rejects Piggy ? "Shut up, Fatty" (P.28). He has no respect for Piggy (due to his appearance), even though Piggy could be a very useful asset to the group. He takes control of the assembly ? "We've got to..." (P.29). Jack does this because he wants to decide and be in control of what the group does. When the boys on the island say they want to vote on a chief, Jack "started to protest" (P.30). This is because Jack knows that he is not in control of the boys on the island who are not in the choir, which is the majority, and therefore they will not vote for him. He also believes that he should be proclaimed the leader of the group without voting, because in his opinion, no-one has the right to be in control of him. This is because he is a natural leader, and has never been in a position without control. This is born out when Ralph is voted chief ? "and the freckles...a blush of mortification" (P.30). Jack is very embarrassed when he is, for the first time in his life, not in total control. Jack's personality makes him use violence to command respect ? "Jack snatched from behind him a sizeable sheath-knife and clouted it into a trunk" (P.32), "Jack slammed his knife into a trunk and looked round challengingly"

How to Buy Cheap Movie Reviews Online

How to Buy Cheap Movie Reviews OnlineIf you're one of those people who don't have a lot of money or are just looking for ways to save money, then you may want to consider buying some used movie reviews online. Most of these are very good, and often times the best way to find out what the average person thinks about a movie before they go see it. You may even be able to get a few for free if you know where to look. I'm going to show you how to find the best ones and how to save money on them.The first thing that you'll want to do is find some quality ones that are still good. The other thing that you'll want to do is look for those that are cheap. One thing that you need to know is that you can often times get free reviews that aren't as good as the ones that are written by professional critics. The problem with that is you have no way of knowing what to expect from them.But there's also another problem as well. There are so many websites out there that offer freebies and giveaways th at they will often times include badly written ones in their databases. I'm talking about the ones that give you a bad score. I can't tell you how many times I've seen these where someone wrote '4.5 stars', when in reality it wasn't even close to what they were saying.So what you need to do is find some that are word-essay-sample-cheaper. In other words, you want to find the ones that have good reviews written by a professional reviewer, but the ones that are cheap because they just wanted to get a freebie. Then all you need to do is find the cheapest price.But there's an even better way to find cheap ones, and that's by scouring the forums of some websites. These are websites that have forums that are dedicated to discussing a specific topic, and they often times have tons of people discussing it.What you want to do is find the most popular topics that talk about movies. Then you're going to find a lot of them. Most of the time you're going to find people talking about movies that they've been through, and they will often times talk about cheap movie reviews.The reason that you're going to find so many people talking about them is because they're usually talking about one of the big studios, which usually means that the writing style is atrocious. The only way to find these cheap reviews is to spend a little bit of time doing a little research.